Uso pedagógico de ChatGPT y otras herramientas de inteligencia artificial en los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55204/pcc.v6i1.e160Keywords:
Inteligencia artificial generativa, ChatGPT, enseñanza-aprendizaje, retroalimentación, alfabetización en IAAbstract
La inteligencia artificial generativa, especialmente ChatGPT, ha adquirido una presencia creciente en los procesos educativos por su capacidad para apoyar la planificación docente, generar actividades, explicar contenidos, ofrecer retroalimentación y personalizar determinadas experiencias de aprendizaje. El presente artículo tuvo como objetivo analizar el uso pedagógico de ChatGPT y otras herramientas de inteligencia artificial en los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje, considerando sus principales aplicaciones, oportunidades, limitaciones y desafíos. Se desarrolló una investigación cualitativa, documental y de alcance descriptivo-analítico, basada en la revisión de 20 estudios científicos recientes. Los resultados muestran que estas herramientas pueden contribuir a optimizar tareas docentes, diversificar recursos, ampliar el acceso a explicaciones y facilitar apoyos formativos más inmediatos. No obstante, también se identificaron riesgos relacionados con errores o alucinaciones, sesgos, dependencia, privacidad, integridad académica y reducción del esfuerzo cognitivo. La evidencia revisada destaca que la mediación humana, la verificación de la información y la alfabetización en inteligencia artificial son condiciones esenciales para un uso responsable. Se concluye que la integración educativa de la IA puede fortalecer la enseñanza y el aprendizaje cuando complementa, y no sustituye, el juicio pedagógico, la autonomía estudiantil y el pensamiento crítico.
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